I research the culture-forming work of institutions and how writers in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have responded to their often strange demands. I am particularly interested in nuancing how we think about the state as a cultural actor by centring the inner conflicts and unexpected consequences of state action. I centre archival methodologies in my research.
State Sponsored Literature
My AHRC-funded PhD thesis, Officially Autonomous: Anglophone Literary Cultures and the State since 1945 examined how the modern state sought to protect literary culture from the economic demands of the market after WWII by entering the literary field through organisations the Arts Council and Cold War-era Congress for Cultural Freedom.
My book State Sponsored Literature: Britain and Cultural Diversity after 1945 (OUP, 2020) is an in depth study of the British state’s involvement in the literary world. Addressing over 100 primary sources from 10 major public archives, State Sponsored Literature not only shows the extent of state-literary activity in foreign policy, education, and free expression. It also suggests this intervention was determined by the changing publics for literature after empire. It won the 2021 University English Book Prize, the judges noting that ‘the subject needs an approach which can encompass its labyrinthine, complex and contradictory impulses and expressions, and receives it here’. You can listen to me discuss it on the New Books Network podcast.
statesponsoredliterature.com makes publicly accessible some of the materials I used, including: databases of state literary gatekeepers, writer profiles, multimedia resources including a discussion of the book. Please feel free to contact me if you require assistance with accessing it.
Linguistic imperialism, or diversity in a colonial context?
This project explores official literary protection from a different direction: by examining how and why colonial-era state, missionary and publishing institutions acted as guardians of indigenous languages against European domination. This project initiaties a deeper historical understanding of contemporary international debates about linguistic diversity, imperialism and language rights, showing how these ideas unfolded, often dubiously, in the early twentieth century. My research focuses on Britain and former colonies in West and East Africa, with a pilot funded by the Willison Foundation Charitable Trust.
Literary education after empire
I am also working on a comparative history of syllabus reform in national education in Britain and Kenya, focusing on the introduction of African and Caribbean literature in external examinations in the 1970s and 1980s. Amid current debates about decolonizing curricula, positionality, the place literary education in a multi-ethnic state, and increasing centralization in education, these histories remind us that the political stakes of literary study after empire have always been high because school education is a matter of state.
I also have published on the Africa-based activities and magazines of the CIA-funded Congress for Cultural Freedom in the 1960s, and was an advisor for ‘Black Orpheus: Jacob Lawrence and the Mbari Club’ at the Chrysler Museum of Modern Arts.