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Innovative Physical Activity Program Aims to Reduce Type 1 Diabetes Risk in Children

In 2024, researchers launched the EXTEND-IT project to design and prepare a study on a physical activity intervention for children at risk of Type 1 diabetes.

18 March 2025
Group of 19 children and adults in a classroom in front of a screen

Attendees of the in-person EXTEND-IT workshop for families who have a young person at risk of developing type 1 diabetes

In 2024, researchers at the University of Birmingham launched the EXTEND-IT project to design and prepare for a study on a physical activity intervention for children at risk of Type 1 diabetes.  

The project, funded by the Three Schools Prevention Programme, builds on findings from the ELSA (EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes) screening study the UK’s first population-based trial screening for early markers of Type 1 diabetes in children. The ELSA study has screened >20,000 children across the UK to identify those at increased risk of developing Type 1 diabetes. Working alongside this initiative, the EXTEND-IT project aims to develop an evidence-based physical activity intervention to support children identified as at-risk through screening. The intervention targeted children aged 8-13 years and aimed to increase physical activity through family-based strategies. 

Through the ELSA screening study, we can now identify children at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes earlier than ever before. However, identification alone is not enough—we need effective interventions that support these children and their families in making sustainable lifestyle changes. Our goal with EXTEND-IT is to develop an engaging, evidence-based physical activity programme that not only helps reduce risk but also empowers children with the knowledge, skills, and habits to manage their health for life—even if they go on to develop Type 1 diabetes

Dr. Katie Hesketh, Assistant Professor in Exercise Prescription

As part of the project, the team reviewed existing family-led physical activity interventions in young people at-risk or living with a long-term condition. They found that combining goal setting with systematic reinforcement, such as weekly phone calls, and focusing on family bonding and skill development were effective strategies. 

In 2024, workshops were held with children, parents, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. These sessions identified preferences for physical activity, barriers to engagement, and the importance of ongoing support and feedback. Technology and gamification, like smartwatches and leaderboards, were suggested to enhance motivation and enjoyment. 

As part of the development work the team developed a funding application and protocol for a feasibility study. Key components of the intervention include a dedicated link worker, online educational sessions, and wearable technology with gamification elements.  

Next steps

The EXTEND-IT team is now applying for further funding to test the feasibility of a larger-scale effectiveness study. By integrating findings from ELSA, this work has the potential to transform early intervention strategies for children at risk of Type 1 diabetes, using physical activity as a powerful tool for prevention. 

Featured staff

  • Dr Katie Hesketh

    Assistant Professor in Exercise Prescription

    Dr Hesketh contributes to the BSc Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences and MSci Physiotherapy, delivering teaching on fundamental and applied physiology principles across lecture, laboratory, and field-based settings.

    Email:

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